Mata v. Avianca, S.D.N.Y. 2023 — six fabricated cases. Sanctioned.
Retrieval helps — but does not bind. The model can still synthesize across true-but-irrelevant authorities.
"Just retrieve harder" addresses surface accuracy. It does not address Traceability — the property that every claim emitted maps to a specific authority you can point at on the page.
| Retrieval-only | PoSoT |
|---|---|
| answer ← model(prompt + top-k docs) | answer ← decode(solve(encode(doctrine))) |
| trace = "the model said so" | trace = claim → source_case → edge_chain → root_node |